By Sandra Sobus
For many people, group exercise is not just about getting stronger—it’s about connecting, reducing stress, and building confidence. However, for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), these same classes can feel overwhelming or even unwelcoming if the environment isn’t designed with inclusivity in mind.
Research shows that group-based exercise can support not only physical health but also social communication and self-confidence for individuals with autism. By making fitness spaces more accessible, we’re creating a more connected and supportive community.
Why Inclusion in Fitness Matters
Physical activity plays a powerful role in overall well-being. For people with ASD, exercise can support social interaction, reduce anxiety, and improve quality of life. Yet many face barriers, such as unpredictable routines, loud environments, or instructors unfamiliar with their needs. When group classes are designed to be inclusive, individuals with autism are more likely to feel comfortable, participate, and thrive.
To make group fitness more welcoming, it’s important to recognize what can stand in the way:
Sensory overload: Bright lights, loud music, and crowded rooms may cause stress.
Unpredictability: Changing routines or unclear instructions can lead to anxiety.
Communication differences: Some participants may need more concrete, visual, or step-by-step guidance.
Limited awareness: Staff and peers may lack knowledge on how to effectively support inclusion.
Considerations for an Inclusive Class
1. Structure & Predictability
Start each class with a predictable structure—such as warm-up, main activity, and cool-down—and stick to it. Visual schedules or posted outlines can help participants know what’s coming next.
2. Sensory-Friendly Adjustments
Consider lowering the music volume, avoiding abrupt lighting changes, and allowing participants to take sensory breaks when needed.
3. Clear, Concrete Instructions
Show, don’t just tell. Demonstrate movements and pair them with short, literal cues—for example, “jump five times” instead of “let’s get our heart rate up.” Whiteboards with written exercises can also provide helpful reinforcement.
4. Offer Choices & Autonomy
Empower participants by offering options, such as modifications tailored to different ability levels. This builds confidence and gives a sense of control, which can boost motivation.
5. Train Instructors & Staff
Instructors don’t need to be experts—they just need to understand how to communicate respectfully, adapt activities, and check in with participants about their preferences.
Closing Thoughts
Making group fitness inclusive for individuals with ASD takes empathy, flexibility, and awareness. When classes are welcoming, predictable, and respectful of sensory and communication needs, people with ASD can fully enjoy the benefits of group fitness!
So, the next time you step into a fitness studio, remember that small, intentional changes can open the doors of wellbeing to everyone.
References
Lau, W., Peterson, C. C., Attwood, T., Garnett, M. S., Kelly, A. B., & Taffe, J. (2019). Efficacy of group-based organized physical activity for social outcomes in children with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49(8), 3290–3308. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04050-9
Zhao, Y., Zhang, Z., Lu, S., Han, X., & He, J. (2025). Optimal dosage of group-based organized physical activity for enhancing social abilities in autistic children: A multilevel meta-analysis. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 22(1), 59. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-025-01746-8
Raymaker, D. M., Kapp, S. K., & McDonald, K. E. (2021). “Just invite us”: Autistic adults’ recommendations for developing more accessible physical activity opportunities. Autism in Adulthood, 3(2), 122–132. https://doi.org/10.1089/aut.2020.0063
